Herman willem xnottektbelt



HERMAN WILLEM KNO'ITENIBEL'I, or BnUssELs, BELGIUM.

:eEocEss 0E TREATING PETROLEUM AnFsHA E orns.

No Drawing.

p Which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in treating petroleum and shaleoils and thelr distillates.

According to this invention various 011s can be employed suchasBoryslavpetroleum and others which owing to certain peculiaritiescannot be treated profitably, by the ordinary methods. In treatingBoryslav petroleum by the ordinary method only a comparatively smallpercentage of illuminating oil, suitable for use in lamps, can beobtained while according to my process a much larger percentage ofilluminating 011 of asuperior character can be obtained, together withlight distillates which, after deodorization as hereinafter described,can be used as substitutes for turpentine 1n mixlng paints, and also adistillate that can be used in plumbers torches.

The oil to be treated is first submitted to fractional distillation andthe first fractlon having the specific gravity of about 0.757 can beused in torches, the second fraction having a specific gravity of about0.776 to 0.778

. after suitable treatment can be used as 'a substitute for turpentine,and the higher boiling fraction which has a specific gravity of about0.8255 and an Abel flash point of about 65 C. after suitable treatment,can be used as a lamp oil. The specific gravities as well as the flashpoints will vary more or less with the different varieties of oiltreated.

One way of working according to my invention is illustrated as follows:A crude distillate 0f Boryslav petroleum from which by the ordinaryprocess of distillation only about 45% is available for makingilluminating oil is separated by fractional distillation into thefollowingfractions approximately:'3% by volume of a distillate of 0.757specific gravity, 24% byvolume 0.776 to 0.778 specific gravity, 73% ofvolume of 0.8255 specific gravity.

The first fraction is used in naphtha lamps and plumbers torches.

The second fraction is treated as follows :It is first introduced into areceptacle Specification of Letters Patent.

tubes Patented Aug. 8, 1916.

Application filed January 18, 1910. Serial No. 537,858.

and nitric oxid gas NO, is introduced, for example by being passed inthrough glass terminating near the bottom of the receptacle, until thegas is present in excess. The NO as follows :For the deodorization of100,000 kg. of the distillate, 72 kg. of sulfuric acid (of 1.84 specificgravity) is added to a substantially saturated aqueous solution of 30.5kg. of sodium nitrate and 315 kg. of crystallized ferrous sulfate (whichfigures correspond to a small excess of the latter) and the mixture may.be heated if necessary. The reaction which takes place is representedas follows i The NO thus prepared may be purified by passing it throughtwo wash bottles the first of which contains a small amount of causticsoda solution, and the second of which con tains water. It may then beabsorbed in a cold concentrated aqueous solution of ferrous sulfate. Onheating this solution a regular and controllable evolution of N O ofhigh purity is obtained.

The treatment of the distillate with N O is continued until the latteris in slight excess which may be shown by withdrawing a small amount ofthe oil under treatment and agitating it with a strong solution offerrous sulfate and if a brown coloration is produced, a suflicientexcess is present. The temperature of the distillate during thistreatment may be 15 C. although much higher temperatures even up to 100C. may

.be employed if desired.

When a test shows that the nitric oxid treatment has been continuedsuificiently long the distillate is allowed to stand for ed to againgenerate NO for treating an additional amount of distillate.

22 C. gave 15% oil having a specific gravity at 15 The treatment withNO, followed by the treatment with iron sulfate solution removes thecolor, and also removes certain impuri ties which impart a disagreeableodor to the distillate, but the exact nature of which is not definitelyunderstood.

The third, or burning oil, fraction is preferably treated in a suitablemanner to deodorize and decolorize the same.

The following is the preferred treatment of crude Burmah oil having adensity of 0.815 at 15 C. and Abel flash point of 20 (3.: A lightspirit, for example, 20% of the whole, is first separated and purifiedby a suitable treatment. This can be used. as naphtha. A furtherlight-spirit or turpentine substitute equal to for example, 10% of thewhole is next separated and treated by the nitric oxid process as abovedescribed and gives a product having a density of 0.793 at 15 C. and anAbel flash point of 35 C. An illuminating fraction equal to for example,32% of the whole is next separated and purified in a suitable manner toproduce a product having a density of 0.833 at 15 C. and an Abel flashpoint of 68 C. suitable for use in lamps.

Although this invention is more particularly described with reference toa crude distillate of Boryslav petroleum and crude Burmah oil it will beunderstood that it is applicable to other petroleum oils and theirdistillates, with the results that fractions or ultimate productscommercially valuable are obtained more especially as regards lightingoils and the substitutes for turpentine. It can be used where thecharacteristics of the products are suitable for use for other purposesthan those mentioned herein.

The following are some further examples: A Galicia oil having'a specificgravity at 15 C. of 0.828 and an Abel flash point of of heavyfispirithaving a specific gravity at 15 C. of 0.780 and an Abel flash point of18 C. when treated by the nitric oxid process. A Galicia wz'e- Zopel)oil having a specific gravity at 15 C. of 0.8385 and an Abel flash pointof 29 0. gave 10% of heavy spirit having a specific gravity at 15 C. of0.785 and an Abel flash point of 21 0. when treated by the nitric oxidprocess. A Galicia (pen-(05km)f o 0.814 and an Abel flash point of 18 C.gave 20% of heavy spirit having a specific gravity; at 15 C. of 0.775and an Abel flash point of 18 C. when treated by the nitric oxidprocess. A Galicia (lcabylanka) oil having a specific gravity at 15 C.of 0.835 and an Abel flash point of 26 Cagave 30% of heavy spirit havinga specific gravity at 15 of 0.784 with an Abel flash point of 21 C. whentreated by the nitric oxid process. A Roumania oil (sclwla; twinteazzhaving a specific gravity at 15 C. of 0.89 and an Abel flash point of 360. gave 12.5% of heavy distillate having a speclfic gravity at 15 C. of0.736 and an Abel flash point of 21 C. when treated by the nitric oxidprocess. A Roumania oil (buzeu) having a specific gravity at 15 C. of0.8085 and an Abel flash point of 28 C. gave 27% of heavy spirit havinga specific gravity at 15 C. of 0.779 and an Abel flash point of 26 O.,when treated by this process.

What I claim is 1. A process of producing illuminants which comprisesseparatingl petroleum and shale oils into fractions aving differentboiling points,'and subjecting one of said fractions to the action ofnitric oxid gas.

2. A process of treating oil distillates which comprises bringing intocontact with said distillate, NO in excess under conditions to reacttherewith and thereafter treating said distillate with an agent capableof removing nitrogen compounds.

3. A process of treating oil distillates which comprises bringing intocontact with said distillate NO under conditions to react therewith andthereafter treating said distillate with a ferrous compound.

4. A process of treating oil distillates which comprises bringing intocontact with said distillate, NO under conditions to react therewith,and thereafter treating said distillate with a solution of ferroussulfate.

5. A process of treating oil distillates which comprises passing bubblesof NO through the body of the distillate, until an excess of NO is inthe oil, and thereafter treating said distillate with a ferrous compoundto remove nitrogen compounds.

6. A process of treating an oil distillate having a density of about.776 to .778 for the production of a substitute for turpentine, whichcomprises treating the same with NO in excess, allowing to settle,removing the precipitated matter, treating the distillate with a ferrouscompound to remove the excess of oxids of nitrogen, settling and sep-HERMAN WILLEM KNOTTENBELT.

Witnesses: J. A. GoDEFRoI,

Dr. En. HERZEN.

